Kinaray-a language Totally Explained

Everything about Kinaray-a Language totally explained

Kinaray-a is an Austronesian language spoken mainly in Antique Province in the Philippines. It is also spoken in Iloilo province and certain villages in Mindanao that trace their roots to Antique Province or Kinaray-a speaking areas of Iloilo Province. Kinaray-a came from the word "iraya" equivalent to "ilaya" in Tagalog, which refers to a group of people residing in the mountain areas of the province. While groups of people residing near the river delta are referred to as "ilawod" from the Hiligaynon word "lawod", which refers to a large body of water (sea, ocean, lake, or strait). However, Kinaray-a doesn't necessarily refers to the way or language spoken by the highlanders of Panay Island. Speakers of this language are called, "Karay-a."
   Kinaray-a is also spoken in most parts of Iloilo together with Hiligaynon. Most towns of Iloilo speak Kinaray-a while Hiligaynon is mostly spoken in the city area. Due to regional proximity, media and television stations, Kinaray-a speakers can understand Hiligaynon speakers. However, only Hiligaynon speakers who reside in Kinaray-a speaking areas can understand the language. Those who come from other areas, like Negros, have difficulty in understanding the language, if they can at all.
   It is a misconception among some Hiligaynon speakers that Kinaray-a is a variation of Hiligaynon; the reality is that the two belong to two different, but related, language subgroups.
   It belongs to the Visayan language family.

Dialects

There hasn't been any actual study on the dialects of Kinaray-a. Speakers both of Kinaray-a and Hiligaynon would however admit to hearing the differences in the ways by which Kinaray-a speakers from different towns speak. Differences in vocabulary can also observed between and among the dialects.
The differences and the degrees by which the dialects differ from each other depend largely on the area's proximity to another different language-speaking area. Thus, in Antique, there are, on the northern parts, varieties that are similar to Aklanon, the language of Aklan, its neighbor on the north. On the south, in Iloilo towns in the other hand, the dialects closely resemble that of the standard Kinaray-a spoken in San Jose de Buenavista, lowland Sibalom and Hamtic.

Phonology

Vowels

A
E (uncommon - mostly "I" below)
I
O (uncommon - mostly "U" below)
U
Ə
The vowels E and O are used mostly in non-Kinaray-a words. The "E" and "O" sounds from the same words in other (mostly Non-Visayan) Filipino languages are often pronounced as "I" and "U" respectively. "U" is sometimes interchanged with "Ə" (like the kinaray-a word for river - some say "suBA", others say "səBA".
For example:

English	Tagalog	Kinaray-a	Hiligaynon
Head	Ulo	Ulu	Ulu
Ball	BOla	BUla	BUla
Animal	HAyup	SApat	SApat

Consonants

Grammar

Nouns

Pronouns

	Absolutive₁ (emphatic)	Absolutive₂ (non-emphatic)	Ergative₁ (postposed)	Ergative₂ (preposed)	Oblique
1st person singular	ako	takən	nakən, ko	akən	kanakən
2nd person singular	ikaw, kaw	timo	nimo, mo	imo	kanimo
3rd person singular	-	tana	nana, na	ana	kanana, kana
1st person plural inclusive	kita	tatən	natən, ta	atən	kanatən
1st person plural exclusive	kami	tamən	namən	amən	kanamən
2nd person plural	kamo	tinyo	ninyo, nyo	inyo	kaninyo
3rd person plural	sanda	tanda	nanda	anda	kananda

Numbers

1	isara/sara
2	darwa
3	tatlo
4	apat
5	lima
6	anum
7	pito
8	walo
9	siyam
10	polo
11	napolo kag sara
50	kalim-an
100	sangkagatos
1000	sangkalibo
100,000	sangkagatos ka libo
500,000	lima ka gatos ka libo
1000000	sangkamilyon

Common Expressions

Are you eating well? - Mayad man panga-ən mo?
   Good. - Mayad.
   Go on, eat some more. - Padayuna ka-ən mo kag duruha pa.
   How are you feeling? - Ano bay pamatyag mo?
   I am going now. - Mapanaw ako rən.
   I don't know. - Wara takən kamaan. (Or simply: Maan a.)
   I don't like it. - Indi takən ka-uyun kari-a/kara.
   I don't want to. - Indi takən kadya / Indi takən.
   I miss him/her. - Nahidlaw ako kana.
   I miss them. - Nahidlaw ako kananda.
   I miss you. - Nahidlaw ako kanimo.
   I miss you very much. - Nahidlaw gid takən kanimo.
   Just sleep here tonight. - Hingga kaw lang ridjya e.
   It's still raining hard. - Nagabunuk pa ang oran.
   Let's eat breakfast now. - Mamahaw ta.
   Let's eat lunch now. - Ma-igma ta rən.
   Let's eat supper now. - Mayapun ta rən.
   Let's go! - Panaw/Halin ta rən.
   Be quick! - Dasiga/Dali-a/Dərəti.
   Slowly, you might slip and fall. - Hinay lang, basi makadanləg ikaw kag matumba.
   The road is slippery. - Danləg ang dalan.
   Well, that's good. - Te, mayad i.
   Where is she/he? - Di-in rən tana bay?
   Who is your helper here? - Sin-o ang timbang mo ridya?
   Who is watching over you? - Sin-o nagabantay kanimo?
   Who is that? - Sin-o ria/ra?
   Why? - Ngaa haw?
   Only one - Sambato / sambilog / isara lang gid /isara lang haw
   You are still in good health. - Mayad man gihapon ang panglawasən mo.
   You gained a little weight. - Nagtərətambək gawa timo.
   Wow! That's very fast! - Baw, dasig-dasig ba!

Further Information

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